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Physical Geology Tutor term index

Terms A aa aa lava ablation abrasive tools acid active adamellites advance aggradation aggradational deposit aggradational phase alabaster alkali granites alkali-flats alluvial alluvial depositional features alluvial erosional features alluvial fan alluvial fans alluvial fans and cones alluvial hydrologic features alluvial-type fan alpine glacier amygdules anhydrite antecedent stream anticline antiradial aragonite arch arches arete arroyos ash ash cone asymmetrical fold asymmetrical folds atoll atolls authigenic avalanche axial plane axis B back-island dunes backset beds backswamps backswamps/marshes backswash badland badlands bajada bajadas barchan dune barchan dunes barchans barrier bars barrier islands barrier reef barrier reefs bars basalt basaltic basic basin basin (bowl) batholith batholiths bayhead beach bayhead beaches baymouth bar baymouth bar (barrier bar) bays beach beach ridges beaches bedding grikes bedding plane bedrock terrace beheaded stream bevels bights blind valley blister cones block lava blocks/bombs blowout dunes blowouts bog bosses bottomset bottomset bedding bottomset beds boulder train boulder trains braided braided channels braided stream braided streams C calc-sinter caldera carbonate carbonate rock cave systems caves channel abandonment channel avulsion channel bars channel lag chute bar chute bars chute cutoff chute cutoffs chutes cinder cinder cone cinders cirque cirque lake cirque lakes cirques clay deposits clay plugs cliff glacier cliff glaciers clints coast coastal barrier coastal barriers cockpits col collapse dolines columnar jointing composite composite volcano compound hook conchoidally conduit cone cone sheets constructional features constructive waterfalls continental glacier coppice dunes coral reef shorelines core corrosive caves course abandonment covered lapies coves coves, bays, bights crater craters crescents crevasse crevasse deposit crevasse splay crevasse splays cross stratification cross-bedding crystalline cuestas cut-and-fill D decapitated stream delta delta margin sand sheet delta margin sand sheets delta plain deltaic crevasse splays deltaic depositional features deltaic erosional features deltaic hydrologic features deltaic systems deltas dendritic drainage deposition-dominated shoreline deposits of oxbow lakes desert armor desert pavement diapirs dike dike swarms dikes dip-slip fault distributaries distributary distributary channels dolines dolines (sinks or sinkholes) dolomite dolomite rocks dolostone dome dome dunes dormant draas drowned (river) valley drowned alluvial plain drowned alluvial plains drowned river valleys drumlins dry valleys dune deposits dunes E ejected pyroclastic material end moraine eolian abrasional features eolian deflation features eolian dune features eolian features eolian sand sheet features erosion-dominated shoreline erosional features erratics esker evaporite deposits evaporite minerals evaporite rock evaporitic salts exfoliation exsurgences extinct F faceted spur fan head trench fan-shaped alluvial tract fanning fault fault offset fault scarp fault trellis fault-line scarp faultline scarp faults feedback form feldspar filled glacial lakes filled lakes finger lake finger lakes firn fissure eruption fissures fjord fjords flanks flocculate flood channels floodplain floodplain deposition floodplain deposits floodplains flow banding fluvial deposition fluvial depositional features fluvial depositional phase features fluvial features fluvial hydrologic features fluvio-glacial material fold axis fore dunes fore-island dunes foreset foreset beds fringing reef fringing reefs fumarole funnel steps G geyser gibber plains glacial depositional features glacial erosional features glacial features glacial fluvio-glacial deposition glacial glacio-marine deposition glacial hydrologic features glacial ice contact deposition glacial ice sheet erosional features glacial ice-laid deposition glacial valley glacial valleys glacier glacier types glaciers glacio-lacustrine deposition glacio-lacustrine material glacio-marine deposits gorges graben granite granodiorites grikes grikes (solution slots) ground moraine gullies gypsum H halite hanging valley hanging valleys hanging wall harpolith harpoliths headland headland beach headlands headwall headwater region headwater region (youthful stage) deposition headwater region (youthful stage) erosion headwater regions helical flow here are some instructions on how to use physical geology tutor here photograph and illustration credits hogback hogback escarpment hollows hoodoo hook hook (hooked spit) horn horst hot spring hums hydraulic features hydraulic jump hydrologic features I ice cap ice contact material ice margin lakes ice scour plain ice sheet ice sheets and continental glaciers ice-contact features ice-laid deposits ice-laid material ice-scour plain illivation imbricated pebble sheets indicators infiltrate infiltration interlobate interlobate moraine islands isoclinal fold J joint set joint sets joint system joints K kame kame terrace kame terraces karst climatic conditions karst drainage karst features karst lapies karst major surface features karst rock types karst soil karst subsurface features kettle kettle lake kettle lakes kettles L laccolith laccoliths lacustrine lacustrine depositional features lacustrine features lag deposits lagoon lagoons lake marl deposits lake marls lapies lapilli lateral lateral accretion lateral accretion phase lateral bars lateral moraine lateral moraines lava lava tube/cave lava tunnel lavas left-lateral limb limbs limestone linear lobe lobes lodgement loess loess features longitudinal longitudinal bars longitudinal dunes, seif longshore drift lopolith lopoliths M magma magma chambers magmas magnesite major springs major stream depositional features mammillated surface marble marine-cut terrace marsh marshes marshy massive maturity meander meander belt meander caves meander loops meander scar meander scars meandering meanders medial medial moraine mesa mid-bay bar middle course monocline monoclines moor mouth bar mouth bars mud lenses mud volcano muskeg N natural bridges natural levee natural levees neck cutoff neck cutoffs nivi norma normal normal fault normal faults O oblique oblique-slip fault oblique-slip faults obsidian offshore bar (barrier island) offshore bars oolite deposits orogenic other structural features outwash outwash plain outwash plains overturned overturned fold oxbow lake oxbow lake deposits oxbow lakes oxbow-lake deposits P pahoehoe pahoehoe lava paint pot parabolic parabolic dune, blowout dune paternostal lakes peat deposits pediment pediments phacolith phacoliths physical geology tutor piedmont alluvial plains pillow lava plain tract plain tract (old age) deposition plain tract (old age) erosion plains with no drainage planar planar laminations playa playa features playa lake playa lakes plug plug dome plug volcano plutons point bar point bars polished poljes ponors potholes progradation progradation phase prograded prograding sediments pumice pyroclastic eject pyroclasts Q quartz R radial drainage rainfall rapids recede recessional moraine recessional moraines recumbent recumbent anticlines recumbent fold recumbent synclines reef deposits regs rendzina rendzinous soil resurgences reverse fault reverse faults rhourd rhyolite right-lateral ring dike ripple marks roche moutonnee root groove root grooves root pipe ropy/corded lava rounded solution runnels S sagpond salt diapir saltation sand dunes sand sheets sand-ridge satin spar scoria lava scour base scour pockets scour-and-fill sea cliff sea cliffs seif seif dunes selenite semi-blind and blind valleys semi-blind valley serir shadow dune sheetflood sheetfloods sheeting sheetwash features shield shield volcano shooting flow shore shoreline bars shoreline beach depositional features shoreline coral reefs shoreline depositional features shoreline erosional features shoreline erosional mechanics shoreline features shoreline hydrologic features shrinkage crack shrinkage cracks sigmoidal sill sills sinkholes sinking points sinking rivers (streamsinks) sinks slip face small lakes small pitting small pitting (rain pits) solution bevels solution dolines solution flutes solution pans solution pipe solution rippling solution runnels spatter spatter cone speleothems spit spits splay splays split hook stacks stalactites stalactites and stalagmites stalagmites stalagtites star-shaped draa steephead steepheads steps stock stocks storm beach strandflat strata stratovolcano stream bedding features stream capture stream deposits stream erosional features stream piracy stream piracy and beheading stream terraces striations strike-slip strike-slip fault structural faults structural features structural folds structural joints subjacent subjacent sinks submerged landscape subsidence dolines surface surface creep surface drainage surge capacity swamp swamp slots swamps swamps/marshes swampy swampy areas swash symmetrical symmetrical fold syncline T tabular tarn tarns terminal terminal moraine terra rosa terrace terraces with high drainage thalweg threshold thrust thrust fault thrust faults till till plain tills tombolo tombolos topset topset bedding topset beds tower karst transverse transverse bars transverse dune transverse dunes tranverse tranverse bars travertine trellis drainage trellis drainage pattern trough troughs truncated truncated spur truncation tufa U u-shaped valleys unconformities undercut solution runnels upright upright fold upright folds uvalas V v-shaped valley v-shaped valleys valley glacial erosional features valley glacier valley glaciers valley tract valley tract (maturity) erosion valley tract (middle course, maturity) depostion valley train varved clay varved clay deposits varved clays ventifacts vertical accretion vesicles vesicular volcanic features volcanic neck volcanic plug volcano vulcanism extrusive igneous rocks vulcanism intrusive igneous bodies vulcanism intrusive igneous rocks vulcanism massive plutons vulcanism related features vulcanism tabular plutons vulcanism volcanic features vulcanism volcanoes W wadis wadis (washes) washes water gap waterfalls wave cut terrances wave erosion wave-cut bench wave-cut terrace wave-cut terrace (bench) wind gap winged headland winged headlands X xenolith Y yardang troughs yardangs yazoo-type river youthful stage

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